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Slavistische Beitrage, Band 67
Some problems of the Second South Slavic influence in Russia
Ilya Таlev
Verlag Otto Sagner München 1973 |
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Slavistische Beitrage, Band 67
Some problems of the Second South Slavic influence in Russia
Ilya Таlev
Verlag Otto Sagner München 1973 |
A Ph. D. dissertation, originally entitled: "The Impact of Middle Bulgarian on the Russian Literary Language (Post-Kievan Period)", defended on January 5, 1972 at the University of California, Los Angeles before the following Committee: Professor Dean S. Worth, Chairman, Professor Henrik Birnbaum, Professor Thomas Eekman, Professor Richard Hovannisian, Professor Raimo Anttila
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Table of Contents v — Abbreviations x
Chapter One: The Second South Slavic Influence on Russian 1
1.1.1. Study of the problem since A. I. Sobolevskij’s report in 1894 2
1.1.2. Ties between the medieval Bulgarian and Serbian literatures and literary languages 4
1.2. Sobolevskij’s concept of the revision of the Middle Bulgarian language 12
1.2.1. The second South Slavic influence on the Russian script 14
1.3. The second South Slavic influence on the Russian art of manuscript illumination 16
1.3.1. Survey of the surviving Middle Bulgarian illuminated manuscripts 19
1.3.2. The question of characteristic national features in the Bulgarian MS illuminations 25
1.3.3. The question of 14th-century Bulgarian influence on the Russian art of MS illumination 31
1.4. The new style in the Russian literature of the late 14th - 15th centuries 32
1.4.1. Criticism of Lixačev's view on styles in the Middle Bulgarian literature 33
1.4.2. Reasons for stylistic innovation in medieval Bulgarian literature 37
1.4.3. The style of the medieval Bulgarian literature 42
1.4.4. The role of the Hesychasts in the introduction of the new style in Bulgarian literature 58
Chapter Two: The Importation of the Middle Bulgarian Literary Language into Russia 60
2.1.1. Middle Bulgarian orthographic peculiarities in the Russian writings of late 14th - 15th centuries (Sobolevskij’s view) 60
2.1.2. Reflections of the Middle Bulgarian phonological system in the Russian orthography (Sobolevskij’s view) 62
2.1.3. The influence of the Middle Bulgarian grammatical system on Russian (Sobolevskij’s view) 63
2.2. The medieval Bulgarian literature brought to Russia 66
2.3. Views on the ways in which Middle Bulgarian influenced Russian. Criticism 66
2.3.1. The connection between the Turkish conquest of Bulgaria and Serbia and the second South Slavic influence; the question of South Slavic "immigrants" in Russia 67
2.3.2. Kiprian's role, as Muscovite Metropolitan, in the reform of the Russian language 82
2.3.3. Camblak's role, as Russian-Lithuanian Metropolitan, in the reform of the Russian language 93
2.3.4. A revised view of the reasons for the second South Slavic influence, its mechanisms, and the role of the monasteries of Mt. Athos and Constantinople 97
2.4. Problems in establishing the national origin of a Church Slavic text 115
2.4.1. Sobolevskij's criteria for establishing the national origin of Church Slavic translations 117
2.4.2. New view on the national origin of the Slavic translation of Akir the Wise; the use of combined diagnostic features 120
2.4.3. The impossibility of defining the exact extent of the second South Slavic influence in Russia 127
Chapter Three: On the So-Called Revision of the Middle Bulgarian Language and Literature 130
3.1. The term "Middle Bulgarian"; the national boundaries of the people who wrote in the Bulgarian literary language of the 14th century 130
3.1.1. The northern boundary of Bulgarian population in the 14th - 15th centuries 137
3.1.2. The southern boundary of Bulgarian population in the 14th - 15th centuries 140
3.1.3. The northwestern boundary of Bulgarian population in the 14th - 17th centuries; the problem of transitional dialects between Bulgarian and Serbian, and the status of the literature of the 14th-century Vidin kingdom 141
3.1.4. The southwestern boundary of Bulgarian population in the 14th century 148
3.1.5. The question of the existence of a "Middle Macedonian" language 151
3.2. The traditional view on the revision of the Middle Bulgarian language as a "reform" by Patriarch Euthymius 161
3.2.1. Camblak's testimony to a reform by Euthymius of Tərnovo 163
3.2.2. Examination of the reliability of Camblak's testimony 164
3.2.3. Interpretations, in the literature, of Konstantin Kostenečki's writing about Euthymius; analysis of Konstantin's text 165
3.2.4. The problem of the existence of a linguistic reform by Euthymius in Bulgaria 174
3.3. A re-examination of the role of the Hesychasts in Middle Bulgarian literature and in the normalization of the language 184
3.3.1. The question of the existence of a Slavic Pre-Renaissance 185
3.3.2. On the term "Slavia Orthodoxa" 189
3.3.3. The role of the international Balkan monasteries in the revival of the medieval Bulgarian and Serbian literatures 191
3.4. The grouping of medieval Bulgarian manuscripts according to their linguistic peculiarities; revisions of old translations from Greek 194
3.4.1. The revised translation of the Four Gospels in 1355/56 for King Ioan Aleksander of Tərnovo 197
3.4.2. Studies of the language of King Ioan Aleksander's Four Gospels (IAG) 203
Chapter Four: Spelling and Phonology, Grammatical and Lexical Innovations in the Revised Edition of the Four Gospels (IAG) 206
4.1. On the traditional distinction of orthographic schools in medieval Bulgaria 206
4.1.1. B. Conev’s distinction of spelling schools 206
4.1.2. The letters of the Slavic alphabet according to Černorizec Xrabor's treatise "On the Letters" 208
4.1.3. On the relation between letters and phonemes in Middle Bulgarian 211
4.1.4. The alphabet and the vowel phonemes in Middle Bulgarian 212
4.1.5. An approach to the study of the relationship between the orthographic and phonological systems of Middle Bulgarian, as reflected in IAG 212
4.1.6. Problems in the identification of the morphonemes of the literary language 213
4.2. The graphic expression of voiced/unvoiced consonantal morphonemes in IAG 216
4.2.1. Graphic expression of neutralization in voicing in word-final position 216
4.2.2. Graphic expression of neutralization in voicing at morpheme boundaries 218
4.2.3. On the morphonemic status of {θ} 249
4.2.4. On the morphonemic status of {ʒ} 253
4.2.5. Spellings with double consonant letters 259
4.2.6. Use of single letters representing consonantal clusters 265
4.2.7. Graphic expression of {v} in foreign borrowings 266
4.2.8. Simplification of the cluster /-zdn/ in the spelling 267
4.2.9. The spelling of epenthetic /l,/ 269
4.2.10. Other peculiarities in the spelling of the consonants 271
4.2.11. Later corrections in the spelling of some words in IAG 272
4.3. On the phonemic softening of the consonants; the vowel system 273
4.3.1. The morphoneme {i} and its graphic expression in IAG 274
4.3.2. The morphoneme {u} and its graphic expression in IAG 283
4.3.3. The morphoneme {o} and its graphic expression in IAG 289
4.3.4. The morphoneme {a) and its graphic expression in IAG 301
4.3.5. The nasal-vowel morphoneme {ṽ } and its graphic expression in IAG 322
4.3.6. The vowel/zero alternation and the graphic expression of the vocalized outcome of the morphoneme {#}; the function of the jer letters in IAG 338
4.4. On the grammatical archaism and innovation in IAG 343
4.4.1. Morphological innovations 346
4.4.2. Syntactic Balkanisms – double object 346
4.5. Lexical changes in IAG 354
4.5.1. Replacement of foreign borrowings 355
4.5.2. Replacement of Slavic archaisms and dialectisms 357
4.5.3. Other lexical changes in IAG 359
Conclusions 364
Appendices 372
Bibliography 379