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Typologie of the Data about Bulgarian History in Italian Medieval Historiography
Alexander Tončev (Sofia)
Byzantinobulgarica VIII
Editions de l'Academie bulgare des sciences Sofia 1986
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A method for arranging the dispersed data about Bulgarian history in Italian medieval historiography into a logical structure is proposed in the article, which allows every new piece of information to find its place in it. The first step according to this method is the arrangement of all the available data under themes, connected with the problems of Bulgarian history. [1] The arrangement may begin, for example, in this way:
I. THRACIANS RULE OVER THE SEA
1. Inc.: Traces. . . Fin.: . . . 19. [2]
II. ROME WARS WITH PHILIPPUS V THE MACEDONIAN (221-179 B. C.)
1. Inc.: Eo tempore. . . Fin.: . . . regem, [3]
III. ALEXANDER THE MACEDONIAN (336-323 В. C.) FIGHTS THE THRACIANS
1. Inc.: Alexander. . . Fin.: . . . corripuit, [4]
IV. KING PIRRUS (307-303,297-27à В. C.) FIGHTS AGAINST ROME WITH TROOPS FROM MACEDONIA
1. Inc.: His itaque. . . Fin.: . . . dimicavit. [5]
1. Alongside with excerpting direct data about Bulgarian history, it is useful to make register of all the names connected with the word “bulgari” in Italian medieval sources, because they represent a distant reflection of Bulgarian settlements in Italy. For example:
Bolgharo di Bulghari, Rainerius Borgarello de Perusio, Ubertus Borgarellus, Bugarus, Bugerius, Bulcarinus, Gerardus Bulgarelli, Iohannes Bulgarelli (Giovanni di Alberto di Bulgarelli, Albertus di Bulgarello), Bulgarello, Bulgarello di Tommaso, Bulgarello filius Farolfi, Vuillelmus qui Bulgarello vocatur, Bulgarellus, Bulgarellus Andulfi, Bulgarellus Iohannis Thomai, Bulgari (familia, castrum, turris), commitatus Bulgariensis, Obertus Bulgarini, Bulgarino, Bulgarino da Caprona, Bulgarino Viceconte, Bulgarinus Anfossi, Bulgarinus Bulgarelle, Bulgarinus quondam Uguicionis Beriti, Bulgarinus Vicecomes de Ugonis, Bulgarius filius Raginerii, Bulgaro de Nonantule, Albertolo Bulgarono, Bulgares, Bulgarus Assalitus, Ogerius Bulgarus, Bulgarus de Binasco, Bulgarus de Palacio, Bulgarus Suavis, Bulgarus de Alberto de Bulgaro, Bulgaritium Matelicae, Bullagarus, Burgari, Burgarinus, Burgarus de Tolentino, Andrea de Borgarellis, Philippus de Bulgarellis, Raynaldus de Bulgarellis, de Bulgari, Andreas de Bulgari, Rambertini de Bulgaris, lohannes de Bulgaro, Marinus de Bulgaro, Ugo de Bulgaro, de Burgaro, Andreas de Burgaro, Burgarinus de Burgaro, Guillermus de Burgaro, lohannes de Burgaro, Symonem de Burgaro, Rainaldo di Bolgareli, Ramberto di Bulgarello, Damiano di Bulgare, S. Biagio in Bulgheria, Vulgarecta (castellum), Vulgarius, Vulgarus, Iohannes Vulgarus etc.
2. Corpus chronicorum Bononiensium. — Rerum italicarum scriptores, t. XVIII, p. I, v. 1, Città di Castello, 1906, p. 24.
3. Romualdi Salernitani Chronicon. — RIS, t. VII, p. 1, Bologna, 1935, p. 36.
4. Ibid., p. 31. 5. Ibid., p. 33.
313
V. THE TRIUMPH OF METELLUS FROM MACEDONIA
1. Inc.: Tunc Rome. . . Fin.: . . . Philippus; [6]
VI. AUGUSTUS OCTAVIANUS (27 В. C.-14 A.C.) AND THE BALKAN LANDS
1. Inc.: Norici. . . Fin.: . . . uel pressi sunt. [7]
VII. THE BALKAN LANDS IN THE CONFINES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
1. Inc.: Europae vero. . . Fin.: . . . terminarunt. [8]
VIII. CREATION OF THE PROVINCE OF THRACE IN 45-46
1. Inc.: Non solum autem. . . Fin.: . . . imperio; [9]
2. Inc.: redusse. . . Fin.: . . . Chomazen. [10]
IX. THE THIRD LEGION IN MESIA IN 68
1. Inc.: Adunque. . . Fin.: . . . Vespesiano. [11]
X. VESPASIANUS’ ELECTION IN MESIA IN 69
1. Inc.: Notta che. . . Fin.: . . . Mesia. [12]
XI. PERTINAX SENT IN MESIA
1. Inc.: Et egli. . . Fin.: . . . chavalieri. [13]
XII. PERTINAX GOVERNS MESIA
1. Inc.: Per la quale casone. . . Fin.: . . . Siria. [14]
XIII. PARTICIPATION OF SLAVS IN THE MARCOMAN WARS (167-180)
1. Inc.: Hie. . . Fin.: . . . relapsavit. [15]
XIV. EMPEROR MAXIMINUS (235-238) BORN IN THRACE
1. Inc.: Maximinus. . . Fin.: . . . Augustus; [16]
XV. EMILIANUS’ REBELLION IN MESIA IN 253
1. Inc.: Sub his. . . Fin.: . . . biennio. [17]
2. Inc.: Et ipse cum filio. . . Fin.: . . . rebellaverat. [18]
3. Inc.: 258. — Gallo. . . Fin.: . . . dui. [19]
XVI. GOTHIC INVASIONS IN MACEDONIA DURING EMPEROR VALERIANUS’ (253-260) RULE
1. Inc.: Gothi. . . Fin.: . . . depopulantur. [20]
Inc.: Iste totam Greciam. . . Fin.: . . . depopulavit. [21]
XVII. EMPEROR GALLIENUS (253-268) DEFEATS THE GOTHS IN 267
1. Inc.: Li quali Gothi. . . Fin.: . . . victorya. [22]
XVIII. BARBARIC INVASIONS IN THE BALKAN PENINSULA DURING EMPEROR GALLIENUS’ RULE
1. Inc.: Soluuntur repente. . . Fin.: . . . aufertur; [23]
6. Romualdus, p. 38.
7. Ibid., p. 42.
8. Leonardo Bruni Aretino. Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII. — RIS, t. XIX, p. III, Città di Castello, 1914, p. 22.
9. Romualdus, p. 53.
10. Corpus, v. 1, p. 120.
11. Ibid., p. 111. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid., p. 154—155. 14. Ibid., p. 155. 15. Ibid., p. 145.
16. Annales Forolivienses. — RIS, t. XXII, p. II, Città di Castello, 1903, p. 14.
17. Romualdus, p. 68.
18. Annales Forolivienses, p. 14.
19. Corpus, v. 1, 184—185.
20. Matthei Palmerii Liber de Temporibus. — RIS, XXVI/1, Città di Castello, 1906. p. 28.
21. Corpus, v. 1, p. 185.
22. Ibid., p. 190.
23. Romualdus, p. 69.
314
2. Inc.: 273. — Galieno. . . Fin.: . . . l’imperio Romano. [24]
XIX. EMPEROR CLAUDIUS II (268-270) DEFEATS THE GOTHS
1. Inc.: Hic statim Gothos. . . Fin.: . . . interiit. [25]
2. Inc.: Huius temporibus. . . Fin.: . . . in imperio. [26]
3. Inc.: Claudius. . . Fin.: . . . moritur. [27]
4. Inc.: Pero chê. . . Fin.: . . . Gothi. [28]
5. Inc.: Iste Gothos. . . Fin.: . . . interiit. [29]
XX. EMPEROR AURELIANUS (270-275) DEFEATS THE GOTHS
1. Inc.: Anno ab incarnatione Domini CCLXX III. . . Fin.: . . . statuit. [30]
2. Inc.: Felix. . . Fin.: . . . superat. [31]
3. Inc.: In prima. . . Fin.: . . . Danubio: [32]
XXI. EMPEROR PROBUS (276-282) BORN IN SIRMIUM
1. Inc.: Probus. . . Fin.: . . . imperator; [33]
XXII. EMPEROR PROBUS DEFEATS THE GOTHS
1. Inc.: Possa passoe per Trachia. . . Fin.: . . . gente. [34]
XXIII. EMPEROR PROBUS PLANTS VINEYARDS IN SIRMIUM AND MESIA SUPERIOR
1. Inc.: Pannoniis . . Fin.: . . . dedit. [35]
2. Inc.: 283. II. Probus. . . Fin.: . . . dedit. [36]
XXIV. EMPEROR PROBUS’ DEATH IN SIRMIUM
1. Inc.: Interfectus est. . . Fin.: . . . ferrata. [37]
2. Inc.: Occisus . . . Fin.: . . . V. [38]
3. Inc.: 285. I. Probus. . . Fin.: . . . occiditur. [39]
XXV. DIOCLETIANUS (284-305) DEFEATS CARINUS BY MARGUS
1. Inc.: Interea Carinus. . . Fin.: . . . superatus; [40]
XXVI. EMPEROR MAXIMIANUS (286-305, 307-310) GATHERS TROOPS FROM MESIA
1. Inc.: Verum hac contumelia. . . Fin.: . . . superauit. [41]
2. Inc.: Per la qual cosa. . . Fin.: . . . bataglie. [42]
XXVII. THE BALKAN LANDS PASS INTO THE POSSESSION OF EMPEROR CONSTANTINUS I (306-337)
1. Inc.: Per la qual sconficta. . . Fin.: . . . barbare. [43]
XXVIII. EMPEROR CONSTANTINUS DEFEATS THE GOTHS
1. Inc.: In decretali epistola. . . Fin.: . . . apparet. [44]
24. Corpus, v. 1, p. 191.
25. Romualdus, p. 70.
26. Platynae historici Liber de vita Christi ac omnium pontificum. — RIS, III/1, Città di Castello, 1932, p. 43.
27. Mattheus Palmerius, p. 28.
28. Corpus, v. 1, p. 192.
29. Ibid., p. 194, sinistra.
30. Romualdus, p. 71.
31. Platyna, p. 44.
32. Corpus, v. 1, p. 194, dextra.
33. Annales Forolivienses, p. 15.
34. Corpus, v. 1, p. 200.
35. Romualdus, p. 72.
36. Mattheus Palmerius, p. 29.
37. Romualdus, p. 72.
38. Annales Forolivienses, p. 15.
39. Mattheus Palmerius, p. 29.
40. Romualdus, p. 72.
41. Ibid., p. 74.
42. Corpus, v. 1, p. 206, dextra.
43. Ibid., p. 217.
44. Romualdus, p. 77.
315
2. Inc.: 327. — Constantino. . . Fin.: . . . triunpho. [45]
XXIX. CONSTANTINOPLE — CAPITAL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE (330)
1. Inc.: Constantinus, Constancii ex. . . Fin.: . . . voluit. [46]
2. Inc.: Constantinus, Constancii filius. . . Fin.: . . . adesse. [47]
3. Inc.: Constantinus, Constancii filius. . . Fin.: . . . fieri. [48]
XXX. THE AQUILEIAN BISHOP THEODORUS BORN IN THRACE
1. Inc.: Theodorus. . . Fin.: . . . XI. [49]
XXXI. THE AQUILEIAN BISHOP MACEDONIUS BORN IN MACEDONIA
1. Inc.: Macedonius. . . Fin.: . . .VI. [50]
XXXII. “DANUBIAN ORIGIN OF THE FRANKS”
1. Inc.: Post excidium. . . Fin.: . . . feroces. [51]
XXXIII. THE SYNOD IN SERDICA IN 343
1. Inc.: Cui cum relatio. . . Fin.: . . . sedi. [52]
XXXIV. BASILIUS — GOVERNOR OF MACEDONIA (C. A. 352)
1. Inc.: Nam Basilius. . . Fin.: . . . fuit. [53]
XXXV. THEODORUS — BISHOP OF HERACLEA (C. A. 352)
1. Inc.: Theodorus. . . Fin.: . . . Apostolum. [54]
XXXVI. GOTH INVASION IN THE BALKAN LANDS IN 376
1. Inc.: gens Hunorum. . . Fin.: . . . fuderunt. [55]
2. Inc.: temporibus vero Valentis. . . Fin.: . . . igne. [56]
3. Inc.: priora. . . Fin.: . . . optinentes. [57]
4. Inc.: Ea tempestate gens. . . Fin.: . . . consumptus est. [58]
5. Inc.: Gothos antiqui. . . Fin.: . . . utiliter usus est. [59]
6. Inc.: 379. — Una gente. . . Fin.: . . . parenti. [60]
XXXVII. EMPEROR VALENS (364-378) DIES IN THRACE
1. Inc.: Mense augusti. . . Fin.: . . . suis. [61]
XXVIII. THRACE UNDER THE RULE OF EMPEROR THEODOSIUS I (379-395)
1. Inc.: Porro Gratianus. . . Fin.: . . . prefecit imperio. [62]
2. Inc.: Al quale Theodosio. . . Fin.: . . . Trachia. [63]
XVIX. THEODOSIUS I DEFEATS THE GOTHS
1. Inc.: Interea vero Theodosius. . . Fin.: . . . reddidisset. [64]
Inc.: 383. —Theodosio. . . Fin.: . . . Sichiani. [65]
45. Corpus, v. 1, p. 218.
46. Origo civitatum Italiae seu Venetiarum (Chronicon Altinate et chronicon Gradense). Roma, 1933, p. 18, sinistra.
47. Ibid., dextra. 48. Ibid., p. 104. 49. Ibid., p. 162. 50. Ibid., p. 163.
51. Corpus, v. 1, p. 231.
52. Anonymi Mediolanensis Libellus de situ civitatis Mediolani. — RIS, n.e., t. I, p. II, Bologna, s. a., p. 82.
53. Platyna, p. 60.
54. Ibid.
55. Il Chronicon di Benedetto, Roma, 1920, p. 11-12.
56. Il Chronicon farfense di Gregorio di Catino, Roma, 1903, v. I, p. 123, sinistra.
57. Ibid., p. 130.
58. Romualdus, p. 88.
59. Leonardo Bruni, p. 15-16.
60. Corpus, v. l,p. 233-234, dextra.
61. Chronicon Altinate et chronicon Gradense, p. 105.
62. Romualdus, p. 89.
63. Corpus, v. 1, p. 235-236, dextra.
64. Romualdus, p. 89.
65. Corpus, v. 1, p. 236, dextra.
316
XL. THE GOTHS PASS THROUGH SIRMIUM
1. Inc.: 403. II. Gothi. . . Fin.: . . . ingressi. [66]
XLI. HUN INVASIONS IN THE BALKAN LANDS DURING ATTILA’S REIGN (434-453)
1. Inc.: Bleda et Attila. . . Fin.: . . . depopulati sunt.” [67]
2. Inc.: “Interea rex Hunnorum. . . Fin.: . . . peremit. [68]
3. Inc.: Preterea, ut de istius. . . Fin.: . . . constituit. [69]
4. Inc.: Hic igitur Macedonia. . .Fin.: . . . transiit. [70]
5. Inc.: 448. — Attila. . . Fin.: . . . da lloro. [71]
XLII. MACEDONIA IN EMPEROR THEODOSIUS ITS (408-450) TITLE
1. Inc.: Teodoxius. . . Fin.: . . . rex. [72]
2. Inc.: Teduoxio. . . Fin.: . . . zesare. [73]
XLIII. THEODORICUS (471-526) DEVASTATES MACEDONIA
1. Inc.: mortuo. . . Fin.: . . . occupavit. [74]
2. Inc.: “Interea. . . Fin.: . . . succendit.” [75]
XLIV. THEODORICUS (471-526) PASSES THROUGH BULGARIA IN 488
1. Inc.: Cum igitur Theodoricus. . . Fin.: . . .pervenisset. [76]
2. Inc.: 478. — Theodorico. . . Fin.: . . . Italia. [77]
XLV. THEODORICUS DEFEATS BRISAM
1. Inc.: Ancora combaterno. . . Fin.: . . . exercito. [78]
XLVI. KING AGELMUNDUS FIGHTS WITH THE BULGARIANS
1. Inc.: Mortuis autem. . . Fin.: . . . potiti. [79]
XLVII. THE LANGOBARDS PASS THROUGH SIRMIUM
1. Inc.: 572. Langobardi. . . Fin.: . . .CCIIII. [80]
XLVIII. EMPEROR CONSTANTINE IV (668-681) MAKES PEACE WITH THE BULGARIANS
1. Inc.: At vero cum Bulgari. . . Fin.: . . . assidue gerunt. [81]
2. Inc.: Hic fuit. . . Fin.: . . . fecit. [82]
3. Inc.: Eo tempore. . . Fin.: . . . tributa. [83]
XLIX. POPE CONON (686-687) BORN IN THRACE
1. Inc.: Post hunc itaque. . . Fin.: . . . mensibus XI. [84]
L. EMPEROR IUSTINIANUS II (685-695, 705-708) INVADES BULGARIA IN 689
1. Inc.: Interea vero Iustinianus. . . Fin.: . . . intulit; [85]
66. Mattheus Palmerius, p. 43.
67. Romualdus, p. 99.
68. Ibid., p. 100.
69. Venetiarum historia vulgo Petro Iustiniano Iustiniani filio abiudicata. Venezia, 1964, p. 13-14.
70. Leonardo Bruni, p. 18.
71. Corpus, v. 1, p. 265.
74. Benedetto, p. 19-20.
75. Romualdus, p. 105.
76. Corpus, v. 1, p. 284, sinistra.
79. Romualdus, p. 108-109.
80. Mattheus Palmerius, p. 53.
81. Platyna, p. 112.
82. Corpus, v. 1, p. 350, sinistra.
83. Ibid., p. 351, sinistra.
84. Romualdus, p. 133.
85. Platyna, p. 117.
317
LI. IUSTINIANUS II REGAINS HIS THRONE WITH BULGARIAN HELP IN 705
1. Inc.: At vero Iustinianus. . . Fin.: . . . occidit. [86]
2. Inc.: Anno dominice. . . Fin.: . . . iugulari fecit. [87]
3. Inc.: At Iustinianus. . . Fin.: . . . restituitur. [88]
4. Inc.: 700. — Iustiniano. . . Fin.: . . . exercito. [89]
5. Inc.: Tempore. . . Fin.: . . . imperium. [90]
LII. IUSTINIANUS II INVADES BULGARIA IN 708
1. Inc.: Et ne in homine. . . Fin.: . . . repulit. [91]
LIII. BULGARIAN HELP AGAINST THE ARAB SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN 717
1. Inc.: Leo. . . Fin.: . . . necati. [92]
2. Inc.: Quo tempore Sarraceni. . . Fin.: . . . necati. [93]
3. Inc.: Sub hoc ipsum tempus. . . Fin.: . . . compulsi sunt. [94]
4. Inc.: 720. — Gli Saraceni. . . Fin.: . . . de loro. [95]
LIV. DACIA IN THE CONFINES OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE
1. Inc.: Нес sunt bella. . . Fin.: . . . suscepit. [96]
LV. EMPEROR NICEPHORUS (802-811) KILLED IN BULGARIA
1. Inc.: Preterea Nicephorus. . . Fin.: . . . moritur. [97]
2. Inc.: Mense iulii. . . Fin.: . . . combussit. [98]
LVI. EMPEROR MICHAEL (811-813) DEFEATED BY THE BULGARIANS
1. Inc.: Eodem quidem anno. . . Fin.: . . . arripuit. [99]
2. Inc.: Et Michael Constantinopolitanus. . . Fin.: . . . efficitur. [100]
3. Inc.: 812. — Michele. . . Fin.: . . . monacho. [101]
LVII. BULGARIANS INVADE PANNONIA IN 827
1. Inc.: Bulgari. . . Fin.: . . . vastaverunt. [102]
2. Inc.: Vulgaros. . . Fin.: . . . penetrarunt. [103]
LVIII. THE CONVERSION OF BULGARIA
1. Inc.: Regem. . . Fin.: . . . fuerant. [104]
LIX. SAINT CYRILL BRINGS SAINT CLEMENT’S RELICS TO ROME
1. Inc.: Sunt qui scribant. . . Fin.: . . . sepultum iacere. [105]
LX. THE BULGARIAN QUESTION AT THE CONSTANTINOPLE COUNCIL IN 869
86. Giovanni Diacono. Cronaca veneziana. Roma, 1890, p. 88.
87. Romualdus, p. 137.
88. Platyna, 118-119.
89. Corpus, v. 1,. p. 359, dextra.
90. Ibid., p. 360, sinistra.
91. Platyna, p. 121.
92. Giovanni Diacono, p.93-94.
93. Romualdus, p. 139.
94. Leodrisii Cribelli De expeditione Pii papae adversus Turcos. — RIS, XXIII/5, Bologna, 1948-1950, p. 16.
95. Corpus, v. 1, p. 366, dextra.
96. Benedetto, p. 110-111.
97. Romualdus, p. 155.
98. Chronicon Altinate et chronicon Gradense, p. 110.
99. Giovanni Diacono, p. 106.
100. Romualdus, p. 156.
101. Corpus, v. 1, p. 400.
102. Benedetto, p. 144.
103. Platyna, p. 143.
104. Ibid., p. 154. 105. Ibid.
318
1. Inc.: Haberi enim’ synodum. . . Fin.: . . . suscitavit. [106]
LXI. THE SON OF URSIUS BADUARIO (911-932) IN BULGARIAN CAPTIVITY
1. Inc.: Quem successit Petrus. . . Fin.: . . . exulatus. [107]
2. Inc.: Quem successit. . . Fin.: . . . redimeret. [108]
3. Inc.: Hic dux filium suum. . . Fin.: . . . factus est. [109]
LXII. “THE BULGARIAN KING BAIANUS”
1. Inc.: Nam Baianus. . . Fin.: . . . composita est. [110]
LXIII. EMPEROR BASIL II (976-1025) WARS AGAINST THE BULGARIANS
1. Inc.: 1004. . . Fin.: . . . sublimavit ducem. [111]
Inc.: Post quidem. . . Fin.: . . . ex uxore. [112]
LXIV. URSELLUS DE BALLIOL FIGHTS IN “ESCLAVONNIE”
1. Inc.: Puizqu’il. . . Fin.: . . . combatre. [113]
LXV. ROBERT GUISCARD INVADES BYZANTIUM
1. Inc.: XXIV. — Igitur famosissimus. . . Fin.: . . . faciebat. [114]
2. Inc.: 1081. Robertus. . . Fin.: . . . papae Gregorio, [115]
3. Inc.: Anno dominice incarnationis. . . Fin.: . . . regionis illius. [116]
4. Inc.: Eodem tempore. . . Fin.: . . . filium Boamundum. [117]
5. Inc.: Eius etiam tempore. . . Fin.: . . . impendit. [118]
6. Inc.: L’Imperadore Alessio. . . Fin.: . . . come voile l’Imperadore. [119]
7. Inc.: 1083. — Roberto. . . Fin.: . . . de quella provincia. [120]
LXVI. ROBERT GUISCARD DEFEATS THE BYZANTINES
1. Inc.: Facte. . . Fin.: . . . provincia. [121]
LXVII. ROBERT GUISCARD FIGHTS “APUD BULGAROS”
1. Inc.: XXXIII. — Igitur famosissimus. . . Fin.: . . . cohortatur. [122]
LXVIII. ROBERT GUISCARD RETURNS FROM BULGARIA
1. Inc.: XXXVI. —Comes vero. . . Fin.: . . . praesumeret. [123]
LXIX. BATTLES BETWEEN NORMANS AND BYZANTINES
1. Inc.: XXXIX. — Duce. . . Fin.: . . . faciebat. [124]
2. Inc.: 1085. praedictus. . . Fin.: . . . extinctus est. [125]
3. Inc.: Inter hec Boamundus. . . Fin.: . . . 26. [126]
4. Inc.: 1085. . . Fin. . . . presi. [127]
106. Ibid., p. 155.
107. Giovanni Diacono, p. 133.
108. Ibid., p. 131-132.
109. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 52-53.
110. Platyna, p. 172.
111. Giovanni Diacono, p. 168.
112. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 69.
113. Storia de normanni di Amato di Montecassino. Roma, 1935, p. 17.
114. Gaufredus Malaterra. De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius. — RIS, V/1, Bologna, 1928, p. 71-75.
115. Lupus Protospatarius. — In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, V. Leipzig, 1925, p. 60-61.
116. Romualdus, p. 191-194.
117. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 79.
118. Ibid., p. 327.
119. Andreae Naugerii Historia veneta. — RIS, XXIII, Mediolani, 1733, coll. 961-962.
120. Corpus, v. 1, p. 468-471, dextra.
121. Ibid., p. 471, dextra.
122. Gaufredus Malaterra, p. 77.
123. Ibid., p. 78. 124. Ibid., p. 81-82.
125. Lupus Protospatarius, p. 61-62.
126. Romualdus, p. 195-197.
127. Corpus, v. 1, p. 474-475, dextra.
319
LXX. ROBERT GUISCARD’S DEATH
1. Inc.: Dux, julio mense. . . Fin.: . . . turbatur. [128]
2. Inc.: 1088. — Roberto. . . Fin.: . . . Constantinopoli. [129]
LXX I. BOEMUNDUS INVADES BYZANTIUM
1. Inc.: Hoc tempore. . . Fin.: . . . relaxatis. [130]
2. Inc.: Alexius. . . Fin.: . . . Viscardum. [131]
3. Inc.: Roberto Viscardo. . . Fin.: . . . Protospatario. [132]
LXXII. THE SECOND CRUSADE PASSES THROUGH BULGARIAN LANDS
1. Inc.: Corradus vero magno. . . Fin.: . . . oportuerit. [133]
2. Inc.: Eo anno Coradus. . . Fin.: . . . cauxam. [134]
3. Inc.: Coradus itaque. . . Fin.: . . . detrimentum. [135]
LXXIII. EMPEROR FRIEDRICH BARBAROSSA (1152-1190) PASSES THROUGH BULGARIA
1. Inc.: Eodem anno. . . Fin.: . . . portantes. [136]
LXXXIV. THE FOURTH CRUSADE AND THE BULGARIAN LANDS
1. Inc.: Nel detto anno. . . Fin.: . . . imperio. [137]
2. Inc.: Increbescentibus. . . Fin.: . . . quotidie vexabat. [138]
LXXV. “PARTITIO TERRARUM IMPERII ROMANIAE"
1. Inc.: “Pars terrarum. . . Fin.: . . . Coripho.” [139]
2. Inc.: Divisero la Città. . . Fin.: . . . Città d’Andrinopoli. [140]
LXXVI. EMPEROR BALDUINUS (1204-1205) DEFEATS ALEXIUS III (1195-1203) AT ADRIANOPLE
1. Inc.: Ad hec, cum se. . . Fin.: . . . adversatur. [141]
LXXVII. BONIFACIUS MONTIS-FERRATI BESIEGES ADRIANOPLE IN 1204
1. Inc.: Huius tempore. . . Fin.: . . . dedit. [142]
LXXVIII. THE BATTLE AT ADRIANOPLE IN 1205
1. Inc.: Interim nominatus. . . Fin.: . . . atque interfectus. [143]
2. Inc.: comitem. . . Fin.: . . . occisus est. [144]
3. Inc.: Anno Domini MCCV. . . Fin.: . . . perspessus est. [145]
4. Inc.: Avea l’esercito. . . Fin.: . . . in Constantinopoli. [146]
LXXIX. EMPEROR BALDUINUS (1204-1205) KILLED BY THE BULGARIANS
1. Inc.: comitem. . . Fin.: . . . occisus est. [147]
128. Gaufredus Malaterra, p.81-82.
129. Corpus, v. 1, p. 475, dextra.
130. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 89.
131. Ibid., p. 328.
132. Andrea Naugerius, coll. 964.
133. Platyna, p. 213.
134. Corpus, v. 2, Città di Castello, 1911, p. 18.
135. Ibid., p. 21, sinistra.
136. Salim bene de Adam. Cronica. I. Bari, 1966, p. 14-15.
137. Croniche di Giovanni, Matteo e Filippo Villani, Trieste, I, 1857, p. 71-72.
138. Platyna, p. 227.
139. Petriis Iustinianus, p. 141-142.
140. Andrea Naugerius, coll. 984.
141. Salimbene de Adam, I, p.34-35.
142. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 143.
143. Magistri Tolosani Chronicon Faventinum. — RIS, XXVIII/1, Bologna, 1934, p. 102-103.
144. Chronicon Altinate et chronicon Gradense, p. 118.
145. Salimbene de Adam, I, p. 36.
146. Andrea Naugerius, p. 185.
147. Chronicon Altinate et chronicon Gradense, p. 118.
320
LXXX. “EMPEROR ALEXIUS III (1195-1203) CAPTURED IN ADRIANOPLE”
1. Inc.: Cum hec aguntur. . . Fin.: . . . transmisit. [148]
LXXXI. IАСОВUS DAURO CAPTURES MESSEMBRIA IN 1257
1. Inc.: Eodem anno. . . Fin.: . . . colocavit. [149]
LXXXII. THE PLAGUE OF 1348 IN MACEDONIA
1. Inc.: E questo fece. . . Fin.: . . . Cicilia; [150]
LXXXIII. A BATTLE IN 1363 WITH BULGARIAN PARTICIPATION
1. Inc.: Anno Domini 1363. . . Fin.: . . . datus. [151]
LXXXIV. HOSTILITIES BETWEEN GENUA AND BULGARIA IN 1373
1. Inc.: Eoquc. . . Fin.: . . . Camilla; [152]
LXXXV. VICTORY OF KING LUDOVICUS I (1342-1382) OVER RADANUS IN 1377
1. Inc.: Nonistante. . . Fin.: . . . coppia. [153]
LXXXVI. THE ANTI-OTTOMAN CRUSADE IN 1396
1. Inc.: Avvea. . . Fin.: . . . Dio. [154]
2. Inc.: Avendo facto. . . Fin.: . . . piacia. [155]
3. Inc.: È da saver. . . Fin.: . . . per aconpagnarlo. [156]
4. Inc.: Successerat vero. . . Fin.: . . . descivere. [157]
LXXXVII. OTTOMAN CONQUEST OF THE BALKAN LANDS
1. Inc.: Per li molti. . . Fin.: . . . Grecia; [158]
2. Inc.: Sed oblatis. . . Fin.: . . . faciunt. [159]
3. Inc.: Victor. . . Fin.: . . . urget, [160]
LXXXVIII. THE VICTORY OF TAMERLAN OVER BAYAZID IN 1402
1. Inc.: Qua indignatione. . . Fin.: . . . transfert. [161]
LXXXIX. VENETIAN SHIPS IN SOZOPOLIS (?) IN 1403
1. Inc.: Ma a ziò ch’io. . . Fin.: . . . la chaxion. [162]
2. Inc.: E holtra de questo. . . Fin.: . . . per segurtade. [163]
XC. BULGARIAN VICTORY OVER THE OTTOMAN TURKS IN 1419
1. Inc.: Doppo la sconficta. . . Fin.: . . . infedeli. [164]
XCI. THE ANTI-OTTOMAN CRUSADE IN 1443-1444
1. Inc.: At vero Eugenius pontifex. . . Fin.: . . . quadraginta. [165]
2. Inc.: Vladislaum. . . Fin.: . . . interfectus sit. [166]
XCII. OTTOMAN TROOPS IN MACEDONIA IN 1456
1. Inc.: At tertio . . . Fin.: . . . transiturus. [167]
148. Magister Tolosano, p. 103.
149. Petrus Iustinianus, p. 170.
150. Storie pistoresi. — RIS, XI/5, Città di Castello, 1907-1927, p. 237.
151. Annales Senenses. — MGH, SS, XIX, p. 233.
152. Georgii et Iohannis Stellae Annales Genuenses. — RIS, XV1I/2, p. Bologna, 1975, p. 176.
153. Galeazzo e Bartolomeo Gatari, Cronaca Carrarese. — RIS, XVII/1, Città di Castello, 1909, p. 145.
154. Ibid., p. 451.
155. Le croniche di Giovanni Sercambi. Lucca, 1892, I, p. 324-328.
156. Chronique d’Antonio Morosini. Paris, I, 1898, p. 2-15.
157. Lodrisio Crivelli, p. 31-33.
158. Giovanni Sercambi, II, p. 57.
159. Lodrisio Crivelli, p. 30-31.
160. Ibid., p. 112.
161. Lodrisio Crivelli, p. 34.
162. Antonio Morosini, I, p. 110-112.
163. Ibid., p. 154-155.
164. Giovanni Sercambi, III, p. 252-253.
165. Lodrisio Crivelli, p. 39-42.
166. Platyna, p. 327.
167. Lodrisio Crivelli, p. 66-67.
321
XCIII. OTTOMAN FLIGHT AFTER THE BELGRADE BATTLE IN 1456
1. Inc.: Tureorum vero. . . Fin.: . . . referuntur. [168]
XCIV. OTTOMAN DEFEAT AT PIROT IN 1456
1. Inc.: Eo ergo. . . Fin.: . . . debiliumque. [169]
2. Inc.: Sic nuper denique. . . Fin.: . . . profligatus est. [170]
XCV. BULGARIA — FRONTIER ZONE OF EUROPE
1. Inc.: La terza. . . Fin.: . . .Costantinopoli; [171]
Groups of data which have source connections between themselves will appear in the course of this arrangement. For the purpose of the method they can be called “types.” The earliest information may be accepted for a basis of the type, and the following as developments of this basis. Such a type represents, for example, LXV 3 and 7 (the data of Romualdus Salernitanus and Corpus chronicorum bononiensium about Robert Guiscard’s invasion in the Balkan lands); LXV 3 is the basis and LXV 7, which is borrowed from LXV 3, the development.
The analysis should proceed with a structural representation of all the data about Bulgarian history in every source. The pieces of information may be marked for this purpose by the Roman numbers of the themes they contain, which are formulated above. For example:
1. ANONYMUS MEDIOLANENSIS
XXXIII
2. BENEDETTO
XXXVI, XLIII, LIV, LVII
3. GIOVANNI DIACONO
LI, LIII, LVI, LXI, LX III
4. AMATO DI MONTECASSINO
LXIV
5. GAUFREDUS MALATERRA
LXV, LXVII, LXVIII, LXIX, LXX
6. GREGORIO DI CATINO
XXXVI
7. LUPUS PROTOSPATARIUS
LXV, LXIX
8. ROMUALDUS SALERNITANUS
III, IV, V, VI, VIII, XV, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVIII, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLI, XLIII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LIII, LV, LVI, LXV, LXIX.
9. CHRONICON ALTINATE ET CHRONICON GRADENSE
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXVII, LV, LXXVIII, LXXIX
10. MAGISTER TOLOSANO
LXXVIII, LXXX
11. SALIMBENE DE ADAM
LXXIII, LXXVI, LXXVIII
168. Ibid., p. 70.
169. Lodrisio Crivelli, 72-73.
170. Ibid., p. 118.
171. Giovanni Villani, I, p. 8.
322
12. GIOVANNI VILLANI
LXXIV, XCV
13. STORIE PISTORESI
LXXXII
14. PETRUS IUSTINIANUS
XLI, LXI, LXIII, LXV, LXXI, LXXV, LXXVII, LXXXI
15. GALEAZZO E BARTOLOMEO GATARI
LXXXV, LXXXVI
16. GIOVANNI SERCAMBI
LXXXVI, LXXXVII, XC
17. GIORGIO STELLA
LXXXIV
18. ANTONIO MOROSINI
LXXXVI, LXXXIX
19. LODRISIO CRIVELLI
LIII, LXXXVI, LXXXVII, LXXXVIII, XCI, XCII, XCIII, XCIV
20. PLATYNA
XIX, XX, XXXIV, XXXV, XLVIII, L, LI, LII, LVII, LVIII, LIX, LX, LXII, LXXII, LXXIV, XCI
21. ANNALES FOROLIVIENSES
XIV, XV, XXI, XXIV
22. ANNALES SENENSES
LXXXIII
23. ANDREA NAUGERIUS
LXV, LXXI, LXXV, LXXVIII
24. MATTHEUS PALMERIUS
XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV, XL, XLVII
25. CORPUS CHRONICORUM BONONIENSIUM
I, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX. XXII, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXXII, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLI, XLII, XLIV, XLV, XLVIII, LI, LIII, LVI, LXV, LXVI, LXIX, LXX, LXXII
Chronicles, containing parts of the so-called “types” from the first part of the analysis, are of special interest here. They will be separated into groups under the name of “systems,” where the oldest chronicle will be accepted as basis and the rest as developments. Such a system represent, for example, 8 (Romualdus Salernitanus) and 25 (Corpus chronicorum bononiensium), where the first is the basis and the second — development.
This method with the formulation of the concepts “type” and “system” aims mainly at concentrating the attention upon the changes of the data about Bulgarian history in different Italian chronicles. The differences (or the identities) between the bases and their developments in both cases reflect different political ideas about Medieval Bulgaria, due to different foreign policies of the different Italian city-states, different level of information of the authors coming from different social layers, different international role played by Medieval Bulgaria in different epochs Thus a picture of medieval Italian political thinking will be outlined in its dynamics.
